Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect characterized by a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart, known as the atria. This defect allows oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to mix with oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium, which can lead to a range of complications over time. Some individuals with ASD may experience no symptoms and remain undiagnosed for years, while others may present with symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeats. If left untreated, an ASD can result in increased blood flow to the lungs and may lead to heart failure or pulmonary hypertension.
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of a physical exam, echocardiograms, and sometimes additional imaging tests. Treatment options vary based on the size of the defect and the degree of symptoms, ranging from regular monitoring for smaller ASDs to catheter-based closure procedures or open-heart surgery for larger defects. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial to ensure individuals with ASD lead healthy, active lives, reducing the risk of long-term complications associated with this condition.